CHM 1250 - Chemistry for Life Sciences II

• Classify alcohols, phenols, thiols, and ethers, identify alcohol groups biological molecules; describe hydrogen bonding, chemical properties of alcohols
• Describe physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones, industrial and biologically important aldehydes and ketones
• Describe physical and chemical properties of carboxylic acids and esters
• Classify amines and assign names, recognize key reactions, name amines as neurotransmitters, give uses of specific biological amines like epinephrine, amphetamines, and alkaloids
• Name amides, show hydrogen bonding, give products of acid and base hydrolysis, make connection with biological amides in peptides and protein
• Understand protein chemistry: identify structure of 20 amino acids, organic chemistry of peptide bond formation, describe proteins in terms of size, fibrous, globular, structural hierarchy, explain hydrolysis and denaturation
• Understand carbohydrate chemistry: structure of monosaccharides, Fischer and Haworth structures, structure and chemical properties, di- and polysaccharides, describe stereoisomerism, write organic reactions of oxidation, reduction and glycoside bond formation
• Understand lipid chemistry: classify lipids, draw structures of fats and oils
• Describe their chemical properties, describe phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, describe major features of sphingolipids, identify steroids
• Understand nucleic acid chemistry: identify structures of nucleotides and nucleosides describe structure of DNA, RNA, AMP, ADP, ATP
• Describe functions of proteins and relate it to structure providing examples of hemoglobin and antibodies
• Describe functions of lipids and relate to its structure, understand role lipids in biomembranes structure and function
• Describe functions of different carbohydrates in animals and plants
• Describe enzymes and how they work, factors affecting enzyme activity, explain enzyme inhibition, describe regulation of enzymes, recognize importance of enzymes in diseases
• Identify nucleotides and nucleosides, describe structure of DNA, outline replication process, describe transcription and translation, explain how genetic code functions, describe mutations
• Describe nutritional requirements, vitamins and minerals, outline stages of metabolism, role of ATP, NAD, FAD coenzymes, describe metabolism of glucose in details, hormonal control of metabolism
• Outline fat metabolism, describe medical conditions of ketonemia, ketonuria, ketosis, ketoacidosis
• Outline protein catablism in terms of fate of 20 amino acids

• Atomic structure
• Chemical bonding
• Molecular geometry
• Electronegativity
• Bond and molecular polarity
• Intermolecular forces

• Functional groups- alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and esters, amine, and amides
• Chiral molecules, Fischer and Haworth structures
• Carbohydrate structure and function
• Protein structure and function
• Enzyme and vitamins
• Lipid structure and function
• DNA and RNA structure and function
• Mutations and human genetic diseases
• Human nutritional requirements
• Glucose and glycogen metabolism
• Lipid metabolism and ketone bodies
• Protein catabolism and fate of 20 amino acids

• Alcohols and phenols
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids and esters
• Aspirin synthesis, testing aspirin products
• Saponification and soaps
• Properties of vitamins
• Chemistry of amino acids
• Peptides and proteins
• Tests for carbohydrates
• Tests for lipids
• Enzymes
• Modeling of DNA components and extraction of DNA
• Kidney function tests
• LDH as disease marker
• Biochemical analysis of normal and pathological urine