PHY 3600 - Lasers and Applications

• Know and apply basic concepts of geometrical optics, including reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, and fiber optics
• Explain and apply basic concepts of wave optics, including polarization, interference, coherence, and diffraction
• Calculate the energy, frequency, and wavelength of the photon emitted or absorbed in a radiative transition as depicted in an energy level diagram
• Describe absorption spectra of various materials and emission spectra of various light sources as well as be able to measure and quantify absorption
• Distinguish between the properties of laser light and other light sources
• Explain coherence and distinguish spatial and temporal coherence
• Describe and perform simple calculations and measurements involving Gaussian beams
• Describe requirements for laser operation and explain generally how a laser works
• Explain spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and stimulated absorption; relate these processes mathematically
• Explain non-radiative excitation and de-excitation mechanisms in atoms
• Describe laser pumping processes and population inversion in three and four level laser systems as well as why a 2-level system cannot create a laser
• Explain the functions and operation of a laser cavity
• Distinguish between continuous wave and pulsed lasers and describe mechanisms such as Q-switching and mode-locking used in pulsed lasers
• Compare and contrast common laser types such as gas (for example HeNe and CO₂), solid state (such as Nd:YAG) and diode lasers and know some of their common applications
• Identify some of the many important applications of lasers in areas like industry, medicine, fiber optic communications, and basic science, as well as everyday applications such as consumer products like CD players, laser pointers, etc.
• Know the basics of laser safety and be able to safely use medium power class IIIb lasers in a laboratory setting

• Introductory physics: mechanics
• Introductory physics: electricity and magnetism

• Laser safety considerations including laser safety classification, protective equipment, and laser safety procedures
• Basic geometrical and wave optics
• Gaussian beams and beam propagation
• Basic atomic transition behavior and related laser operating principles
• Laser cavities
• Types of lasers including gas, solid state, fiber, diode and other configurations
• Basic emission spectroscopy of different light sources
• Optical absorption
• Coherence and interferometry
• Industrial, communications, medical, and fundamental science applications of lasers